آثار، شکراالله؛ رضائیان، محسن؛ رحمانی؛ محمد رضا؛ ایوبی، فاطمه ؛ جلال پور، شیلا (1395). پریزما؛ موارد ترجیحی در گزارش مقالات مروری منظم و فراتحلیل ها. مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی رفسنجان، دوره 15، صص 80-63
خاکی، غلامرضا (۱۳۹۲). روش تحقیق گرانددی در مدیریت (با رویکرد پایان نامه نویسی)، چاپ اول، فوژان، تهران.
دیواندری، علی؛ کرمانشاه، علی؛ اخلاصی، امیر. (1391). «ارائه مدل برندسازی برای کلان پروژههای تفریحی، اقامتی، گردشگری و ورزشی کشور با رویکرد بومی براساس تئوری مبتنی بر داده ها» ؛ فصلنامه پژوهشنامه بازرگانی، شماره 65، زمستان 1391، صص 64 – 27.
نجم روشن، سعید. (1396). «ارائه و تبیین مدل شهرت ملی به عنوان چارچوبی برای سیاستگذاری بازرگانی؛ مطالعه موردی: صنایع مصنوعات فلزی ایران» ، رساله دکتری تخصصی رشته مدیریت بازرگانی، مرکز تحصیلات تکمیلی دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران.
AlAbdulwahab, S. S., Kachanathu, S. J., & AlMotairi, M. S. (2017). “Smartphone use addiction can cause neck disability”.Musculoskeletal Care, 15 (1), 10–12. doi:10.1002/msc.1170
AlBarashdi. Hafidha Sulaiman Bouazza A, Jabur NH, Al-Zubaidi AS .(2016). “Smartphone Addiction Reasons and Solutions from the Perspective of SultanQaboos University Undergraduates: A Qualitative Study”. Int J Psychol Behav Anal 2: 113. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.15344/2455-3867/2016/113
American Psychiatric Association .(2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th edn. American Psychiatric Association, Washington D.C
Balakrishnan, J.; Griffiths, M.D. (2018). “An exploratory study of “selfitis” and the development of the Selfitis Behavior Scale”. Int. J. Ment. Health Addict. 2018, 16, 722–736. [CrossRef]
Baron, R.S. Distraction-conflict theory: Progress and problems. In Advances in Experimental Social Psychology; Berkowitz, L., Ed.; Academic Press Inc.: London, UK, 1986; Volume 19, pp. 1–40. Available online
Bij de Vaate, A.J.D.; Veldhuis, J.; Alleva, J.M.; Konijn, E.A.; van Hugten, C.H.M. (2018). “Show your best self (ie) : An exploratory study on selfie-related motivations and behavior in emerging adulthood”. Telemat. Inform. 2018, 35, 1392–1407. [CrossRef
Billieux, J., Maurage, P., Lopez-Fernandez, O., Kuss, D. J., & Griffiths, M. D. (2015).“Can disordered mobile phone use be considered a behavioral addiction? An update on current evidence and a comprehensive model for future research”. Current Addiction Reports, 2 (2), 156–162. doi:10.1007/s40429-015-0054-y
Block JJ .(2008).”Issues for DSM-V: internet addiction”. Am J Psychiatry 165:306–307
Brand M, Young KS, Laier C .(2014b).”Prefrontal control and Internet addiction: a theoretical model and review of neuropsychological and neuroimaging findings”. Front Human Neurosci 8:375. doi:10.3389/fnhum.2014.00375
Brand M, Young KS, Laier C, Wölfling K, Potenza MN .(2016b).” Integrating psychological and neurobiological considerations regarding the development and maintenance of specific Internet-use disorders: An Interaction of Person-Affect-Cognition-Execution (I-PACE) model”. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 71:252–266. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.08.033
Cajochen C, Frey S, Anders D et al .(2011).”Evening exposure to a light-emitting diodes (LED) -backlit computer screen affects circadian physiology and cognitive performance”. J Appl Physiol 110:1432–1438
Charmaz, K. (2006). Constructing Grounded Theory; Sage Publications: London, UK.
Chen. B, Ding. Sh, Ying. X, Wang. L, Wen. Y. (2017).” Gender differences in factors associated with smartphone addiction: a crosssectional study among medical college students”. BMC Psychiatry17:341 DOI 10.1186/s12888-017-1503-z
Chotpitayasunondh, V.; Douglas, K.M. (2016). “How “phubbing” becomes the norm: The antecedents and consequences of snubbing via smartphone”. Comput. Hum. Behav. 2016, 63, 9–18. [CrossRef]
Cudo A, Kopiś N, Zapała D. (2018). “Problematic Internet use among young adults”. Hygeia Public Health.;53 (2) :165–70.
Cudo. A, Torój. M, Demczuk. M, Francuz. P. (2019). “Dysfunction of Self-Control in Facebook Addiction: Impulsivity Is the Key”. Psychiatric Quarterly. doi.org/10.1007/s11126-019-09683-8.
David-Ferdon, C.; Hertz, M.F. (2009). Electronic Media and Youth Violence: A CDC Issue Brief for Researchers; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Atlanta, GA, USA, Available online:
www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/pdf/Electronic_Aggression_Researcher_Brief-a.pdf (accessed on 15 November 2019).
Demirci, K., Akgönül, M., & Akpinar, A. (2015).“Relationship of smartphone use severity with sleep quality, depression, and anxiety in university students”. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 4 (2), 85–92. doi:10.1556/2006.4.2015.010
Deursen A J.A.M, Bolle C L, Hegner S.M,Kommers P. A.M. (2015). “Modeling habitual and addictive smartphone behavior The role of smartphone usage types, emotional intelligence, social stress, self-regulation, age, and gender”. Computers in Human Behavior 45,411-420
Dey, M., Studer, J., Schaub, M. P., Gmel, G., Ebert, D. D., Lee, J. Y. C.,& Haug, S. (2019). „Problematic smartphone use in young Swiss men: Its association with problematic substance use and risk factors derived from the pathway model”. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 8 (2), 326–334. doi:10.1556/2006.8.2019.17
Dong G, Potenza MN .(2014).”A cognitive-behavioral model of Internet gaming disorder: theoretical underpinnings and clinical implications”. J Psychiatr Res 58:7–11. doi:10.1016/j. jpsychires.2014.07.005
Duke, É., & Montag, C. (2017b).“Smartphone addiction, daily interruptions and self-reported productivity”. Addictive Behaviors Reports, 6, 90–95. doi: 10.1016/j.abrep.2017.07.002
Eichenberg C, Schott M, Decker O, Sindelar B. (2017). Attachment style and Internet addiction. J Med Internet Res m19 (5): e170. doi: 10.2196/jmir.6694
Eichenberg. CH., Schott. M, Schroiff. A. (2019). “Comparison of Students with and Without Problematic Smartphone Use in Light of Attachment Style”. Front. Psychiatry 10:681. Doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00681.
Elhai, J. D., Levine, J. C., & Hall, B. J. (2019). “The relationship between anxiety symptom severity and problematic smartphone use: A review of the literature and conceptual frameworks”. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 62, 45–52. doi:10.1016/ j. janxdis.2018.11.005
Elhai, J. D., Levine, J. C., Dvorak, R. D., & Hall, B. J. (2016). “Fear of missing out, need for touch, anxiety and depression are related to problematic smartphone use”. Computers in Human Behavior, 63, 509–516.
Extremera. N, Quintana-Orts. C, Sánchez-Álvarez. N, Rey. L. (2019). “The Role of Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies on Problematic Smartphone Use: Comparison between oblematic and Non-Problematic Adolescent Users”. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 3142 2 of 13
Fischer-Grote.L, Kothgassner. O. D, Felnhofer. A. (2019). “Risk factors for problematic smartphone use in children and adolescents: a review of existing literature”. Neuropsychiatr. doi.org/10.1007/s40211-019-00319
Gao, T., Xiang, Y. T., Zhang, H., Zhang, Z., & Mei, S. (2017).“Neuroticism and qualit’y of life: Multiple mediating effects of smartphone addiction and depression”. Psychiatry Research, 258, 457–461. doi: 10.1016/j.pychres.2017.08.074
Gazzaley, A.; Rosen, L.D. (2016). The Distracted Mind: Ancient Brains in A High-Tech World; MIT Press: Cambridge, MA, USA.
Gerson J, Plagnol AC, Corr PJ. (2016). “Subjective well-being and social media use: do personality traits moderate the impact of social comparison on Facebook?”. Comput Hum Behav.;63:813–22.
Gligor, ¸ S., & Mozors, I. (2019). “Indicators of smartphone addiction and stress score in university students”. Wiener klinische Wochenschrift, 131 (5–6), 120–125. doi:10.1007/s00508-018- 1373-5
Grant, J. E., Lust, K., & Chamberlain, S. R. (2019). “Problematic smartphone use associated with greater alcohol consumption, mental health issues, poorer academic performance, and impulsivity”. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 8 (2),335–342. doi:10.1556/2006.8.2019.32
Griffiths, M.D. (2018). “Adolescent social networking: How do social media operators facilitate habitual use?”. Educ. Health, 36, 66–69.
GUO. N, WANG. M.P, LUK. T. T, HO S.Y, FONG D. Y. T, CHAN. S. S-CH, LAM T. H. (2019). “The association of problematic smartphone use with family well-being mediated by family communication in Chinese adults: A population-based study”.Journal of Behavioral Addictions 8 (3), pp. 412–419 DOI: 10.1556/2006.8.2019.39.
Gustavson DE, Miyake A, Hewitt JK, Friedman NP. (2014). “Genetic relations among procrastination, impulsivity,and goal-management ability: implications for the evolutionary origin of procrastination”. Psychol Sci.;25 (6) :1178–88
Hadar, A., Hadas, I., Lazarovits, A., Alyagon, U., Eliraz, D., & Zangen, A. (2017). “Answering the missed call: Initial exploration of cognitive and electrophysiological changes associated with smartphone use and abuse”. PLoS One, 12 (7), e0180094. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180094
Hiebler-Ragger M, Unterrainer HF, Rinner A, Kapfhammer HP. (2016). “Insecure attachment styles and increased borderline personality organization in substance use disorders”. Psychopathology 49 (5) :341–4. doi: 10.1159/000448177.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0065260108602117 (accessed on 17 September 2018).
İnal, E. E., Demirci, K., Çetintürk, A., Akgönül, M., & Sava¸s, S. (2015). “Effects of smartphone overuse on hand function, pinch strength, and the median nerve”. Muscle & Nerve, 52 (2), 183–188. doi:10.1002/mus.24695
Jun, W-H, Jo, M-J. (2016). “Relationships between Ego-Resilience and Smartphone Addiction among Nursing Students”. The Journal of the Korea Contents Association Volume 16 Issue 6. P:739-747
Jung, K-A,Kim, B-Wh (2015). “The Differences of the Ego-Resilience and Disagreement in Parents' Rearing Attitude according to the Levels of the Smartphone Addiction of Adolescents”. Journal of Digital Convergence Volume 13 Issue 2.P: 299-308.
Kim, E. J., & Kim, S. Y. (2015). „Correlation between smartphone addiction and eating behaviors of elementary school students in Ansan area”. Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition, 44 (7), 1007–1015. doi:10.3746/jkfn.2015.44.7.1007
Kim, S.-E., Kim, J.-W., & Jee, Y.-S. (2015).“Relationship between smartphone addiction and physical activity in Chinese international students in Korea“. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 4 (3), 200–205. doi:10.1556/2006.4.2015.028
Kimbrel NA, Nelson-Gray RO, Mitchell JT (2012) “BIS, BAS, and bias: The role of personality and cognitive bias in social anxiety”. Pers Indiv Differ 52 (3) :395–400
Kushlev, K., Proulx, J., & Dunn, E. W. (2016, May). “Silence your phones: Smartphone notifications increase inattention and hyperactivity symptoms”. Paper presented at Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 1011–1020), ACM, San Jose, CA, USA.
Kuss, D.J.; Griffiths, M.D. (2017). “Social networking sites and addiction: Ten lessons learned”. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 14, 311. [CrossRef]
Kwon M, Lee JY, Won WY et al (2013a) .“Development and validation of a smartphone addiction scale (SAS)”. PLoS ONE 8:e56936
Lachmann, B., Sindermann, C., Sariyska, R. Y., Luo, R., Melchers, M. C., Becker, B., Cooper, A. J., & Montag, C. (2018).“The role of empathy and life satisfaction in Internet and smartphone use disorder”. Frontiers in Psychology, 9. doi:10.3389/ fpsyg.2018.00398
Lee.D, Namkoong.K, Lee.J, Lee. B, Jung. Y-CH. (2019). “Lateral orbitofrontal gray matter abnormalities in subjects with problematic smartphone use”. Journal of Behavioral Addictions 8 (3), pp. 404–411 (2019) DOI: 10.1556/2006.8.2019.50
Lin YH, Chang LR, Lee YH et al (2014). “Development and validation of the smartphone addiction inventory (SPAI)”. PLoS ONE 9: e98312
Lin YH, Chiang CL, Lin PH et al (2016a) “Proposed diagnostic criteria for smartphone addiction”. PLoS One 11 (11): e0163010. doi:10.1371/journal. pone.0163010.
Lin YH, Lin YC, Lee YH et al (2015). “Time distortion associated with smartphone addiction: identifying smartphone addiction via a mobile application (App)”. J Psychiatr Res 65:139–145
Lowry, P.B.; Zhang, J.; Wang, C.; Siponen, M. (2016). “Why do adults engage in cyberbullying on social media?An integration of online disinhibition and deindividuation effects with the social structure and social learning model”. Inf. Syst. Res., 27, 962–986. [CrossRef]
Markowetz A, Błaszkiewicz K, Montag C et al (2014). “Psycho-informatics: big data shaping modern psychometrics”. Med Hypotheses 82 (4) :405–411
Metcalf O, Pammer K (2014). “Impulsivity and related neuropsychological features in regular and addictive first person shooter gaming”. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw 17:147–152
Montage C, Reuter M (2017). Internet Addiction:Neuroscientific Approaches and Therapeutical Implications Including Smartphone Addiction. Springer. Second Edition. ISBN 978-3-319-46276-9 (eBook)
Peterka-Bonetta, J., Sindermann, C., Elhai, J. D., & Montag, C. (2019). “Personality associations with smartphone and Internet use disorder: A comparison study including links to impulsivity and social anxiety”. Frontiers in Public Health, 7, 127.doi:10.3389/fpubh.2019.00127
Petry NM, Ammerman Y, Bohl J et al (2006). “Cognitive-behavioral therapy for pathological gamblers”. J Consult Clin Psychol 74:555–567
Petry NM, Rehbein F, Gentile DA et al (2014). “An international consensus for assessing Internetgaming disorder using the new DSM‐5 approach”. Addiction 109 (9) 1399-1406
Petry NM, Weinstock J, Ledgerwood DM et al (2008). “ A randomized trial of brief interventions for problem and pathological gamblers”. J Consult Clin Psychol 76:318–328
Potenza MN, Leung HC, Blumberg HP et al (2003). “An FMRI Stroop task study of ventromedial prefrontal cortical function in pathological gamblers”. Am J Psychiatry 160:1990–1994
Reinecke, L.; Klimmt, C.; Meier, A.; Reich, S.; Hefner, D.; Knop-Huelss, K.; Rieger, D.; Vorderer, P. (2018). “Permanently online and permanently connected: Development and validation of the Online Vigilance Scale”. PLoS ONE, 13, e0205384. [CrossRef]
Rosenberg, J.; Egbert, N. (2011). “Online impression management: Personality traits and concerns for secondary goals as predictors of self-presentation tactics on Facebook”. J. Comput. Mediat. Commun., 17, 1–18. [CrossRef]
Rozgonjuk, D., Saal, K., & Täht, K. (2018). “Problematic smartphone use, deep and surface approaches to learning, and social media use in lectures”. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15 (1), 92. doi:10.3390/ijerph15010092
Samaha M and Hawi NS (2016). “Relationships among smartphoneaddiction stress, academic performance, and satisfaction with life”. Computers in Human Behavior 57: 321–325 doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2015.12.045
Shokri O, Potenza MN, Sanaeepour MH. (2017). “A preliminary study suggesting similar relationships between impulsivity and severity of problematic Internet use in male and female Iranian college students”. Int J Ment Health Addict.;15 (2) :277–87.
Slutske WS, Eisen S, True WR et al (2000). “Common genetic vulnerability for pathological Gambling and Alcohol Dependence in Men.” Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2000;57(7):666-673. doi:10-1001/pubs.Arch Gen Psychiatry-ISSN-0003-990x-57-7-yoa9396
Suler, J.R. (2016). Psychology of the digital age. Humans Become Electric; Cambridge University Press: Cambridge,UK,.
Thornton, B.; Faires, A.; Robbins, M.; Rollins, E. The mere presence of a cell phone may be distracting: Implications for attention and task performance. Soc. Psychol. 2014, 45, 479–488. [CrossRef]
Throuvala, M.A.; Griffiths, M.D.; Rennoldson, M.; Kuss, D.J. (2019). “A ‘Control Model’ of Social Media Engagement in Adolescence: A Grounded Theory Analysis”. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 16, 4696.
Vollmer C, Michel U, Randler C (2012). “Outdoor light at night (LAN) is correlated with eveningness in adolescents”. Chronobiol Int 29:502–508
Wang. P, Lei. L, Wang. X, Nie. J, Chu. X, Jin.Sh. (2018). “The exacerbating role of perceived social support and the “buffering” role of depression in the relation between sensation seeking and adolescent smartphone addiction”. Personality and Individual Differences 130 (2018) 129–134.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2018.04.009
Wang. P, Zhao. M, Wang. X, Xie. X, Wang. Y, Lei L. (2017). “Peer relationship and adolescent smartphone addiction: The mediating role of self-esteem and the moderating role of the need to belong”. Journal of Behavioral Addictions 6 (4), pp. 708–717.DOI:0.1556/2006.6.2017.079.
Ward, A. F., Duke, K., Gneezy, A., & Bos, M. W. (2017). “Brain drain: The mere presence of one’s own smartphone reduces available cognitive capacity”. Journal of the Association for Consumer Research, 2 (2), 140–154. doi:10.1086/691462
Webb, T.L.; Miles, E.; Sheeran, P. (2012). “Dealing with feeling: A meta-analysis of the e_ectiveness of strategies derived from the process model of emotion regulation”. Psychol. Bull., 138, 775–808. [CrossRef]
Wu AMS,Cheung VI,KU L,Hung EPW. (2013). “Psychological risk factors of addiction to social networking sites among Chinese smartphone users”. J Behav Addict.,2 (3) :160-6.
Xie, X., Dong, Y., & Wang, J. (2018). “Sleep quality as a mediator of problematic smartphone use and clinical health symptoms”. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 7 (2), 466–472. doi:10.1556/ 2006.7.2018.40
Zellner MR, Watt DF, Solms M, Panksepp J. (2011). “Affective neuroscientific and neuropsychoanalytic approaches to two intractable psychiatric problems: why depression feels so bad and what addicts really want”. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 35 (9) :2000–8. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2011.01.003
Zhang. K Z.K, Chen.C, LEE. M.K O. (2014). “UNDERSTANDING THE ROLE OF MOTIVES IN SMARTPHONE ADDICTION”. Association for Information Systems AIS Electronic Library (AISeL) PACIS 2014 Proceedings Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems (PACIS) 2014.aisel.aisnet.org/pacis2014
Zou.y, Xia. N, Zou. Y, Chen. Zh. Wen. Y. (2019). “Smartphone addiction may be associated with adolescent hypertension: a cross-sectional study among junior school students in China”. 19: 310.doi.org/10.1186/s12887-019-1699-