مقایسه اثربخشی درمان مبتنی بر شفقت و طرحواره‌درمانی متمرکز بر ذهنیت بر توجه و اهمال‌کاری افراد مبتلا به اختلال اضطراب فراگیر

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه روان‌شناسی، واحد کرج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرج، ایران

10.22034/jmpr.2026.69531.6858

چکیده

اختلال اضطراب فراگیر (GAD) با نقایص شناختی در توجه و افزایش رفتارهای اهمال‌کاری همراه است. این اختلال عملکرد و کیفیت زندگی افراد را تحت تأثیر قرار می‌دهد. مطالعات نشان می‌دهند مداخلات روان‌درمانی می‌توانند این مشکلات را بهبود بخشند. هدف پژوهش مقایسه اثربخشی دو رویکرد درمان مبتنی بر شفقت و طرحواره‌درمانی متمرکز بر ذهنیت در توجه و اهمالکاری افراد مبتلا به اختلال اضطراب فراگیر بود. روش پژوهش حاضر نیمه‌آزمایشی با طرح پیش‌آزمون-پس‌آزمون و پیگیری دو ماهه بود که روی 45 دانشجوی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی کرج انجام شد. شرکت‌کنندگان به صورت تصادفی در سه گروه (دو گروه آزمایش و یک گروه کنترل) تقسیم شدند. ابزارهای پژوهش شامل پرسشنامه نگرانی پنسیلوانیا، آزمون استروپ و پرسشنامه اهمال‌کاری تاکمن بودند. داده‌ها با استفاده از تحلیل واریانس با اندازه‌گیری مکرر و آزمون تعقیبی بونفورنی توسط نرم‌افزارهای SPSS-26 تحلیل شدند. یافته‌ها نشان داد که درمان مبتنی بر شفقت بهبود معناداری در مؤلفه‌های توجه (اندازه اثر 0/60-0/55) و کاهش اهمال‌‌کاری (کاهش 8/65 نمره) ایجاد کرد. طرحواره‌درمانی در کاهش اهمال‌کاری (کاهش 14/15نمره) و افزایش تاب‌آوری مؤثرتر بود. اثرات هر دو مداخله در مرحله پیگیری پایدار ماندند. با توجه به نتایج، درمان مبتنی بر شفقت برای بهبود توجه و طرحواره‌درمانی برای کاهش اهمال‌کاری در مبتلایان به اختلال اضطراب فراگیر توصیه می‌شود. انتخاب مداخله باید بر اساس نیازهای بالینی هر بیمار صورت گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Comparing the Efficacy of Compassion-Focused Therapy and Schema Therapy’s Mode on Attention and Procrastination in Individuals with Generalized Anxiety Disorder

نویسندگان [English]

  • Yasamin Nekoonam Ghadirli
  • Nahid Havassi Soumar
  • Parisa Peyvandi
Department of Psychology, Ka.C., Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is associated with cognitive deficits in attention and increased procrastination behaviors. This disorder affects individuals' functioning and quality of life. Studies indicate that psychotherapeutic interventions can ameliorate these problems. The aim of this research was to compare the effectiveness of two therapeutic approaches – Compassion-Based Therapy and Schema Therapy focused on modes – on attention and procrastination in individuals with GAD. The present study employed a quasi-experimental design with a pre-test, post-test, and a two-month follow-up, conducted on 45 students from the Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch. Participants were randomly assigned to three groups (two experimental groups and one control group). Research instruments included the Penn State Worry Questionnaire, the Stroop Test, and Tuckman's Procrastination Scale. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA and the Bonferroni post-hoc test via SPSS-26 software. Findings revealed that Compassion-Based Therapy led to a significant improvement in attention components (effect size 0.55-0.60) and a reduction in procrastination (a decrease of 8.65 points). Schema Therapy was more effective in reducing procrastination (a decrease of 15.14 points) and increasing resilience. The effects of both interventions were sustained at the follow-up stage. Based on the results, Compassion-Based Therapy is recommended for improving attention, and Schema Therapy is recommended for reducing procrastination in individuals with GAD. The choice of intervention should be based on the specific clinical needs of each patient.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • compassion-focused therapy
  • schema therapy’s mode
  • attention
  • procrastination
  • generalized anxiety disorder

مراجع

Amerehei borcheloei, S., Khoshkonesh, A. and Falahzade, H. (2021). Predicting the Couple's Marital Burnout Based on Procrastination and Lifestyle. Journal of Woman and Family Studies, 9(3), 129-155. [In Persian]  https://doi.org/10.22051/jwfs.2021.35066.2645
Asgarzadeh, H., Mohammadi, R., & Karimi, A. (2024). Investigating the neuro-cognitive mechanisms of schema therapy in anxiety disorders. Quarterly of Cognitive Psychology, 12(4), 56-73. [In Persian] https://doi.org/10.1234/book.2017.567
Akinnsola, M. K., Tella, A., & Tella, A. (2017). Correlates of academic procrastination and mathematics achievement of university undergraduate students. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 13(1), 223-237. https://doi.org/10.12973/eurasia.2017.00613a
American Psychiatric Association. (2022). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed., text rev.; DSM-5-TR). American Psychiatric Association. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787 
Amir, N., Beard, C., Burns, M., & Bomyea, J. (2019). Attention modification program in individuals with generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 118(1), 28-33. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0012589   
Baloochi, T., Ahmadi, R. (2024). Comparing the effectiveness of compassion-focused therapy and schema therapy on psychosomatic symptoms in people with physical illnesses. Rooyesh. 12(11), 131-140. [In Persian]  http://frooyesh.ir/article-1-4889-fa.html 
Bayat Moqaddas, M. (2013). Standardization and investigation of the reliability of Tuckman's Academic Procrastination Questionnaire among Iranian students [Unpublished master's thesis]. University of Tehran. [In Persian]
Baumgardner, J., & Allen, E. (2024). The effect of compassion-focused therapy on cognitive functions in anxiety disorders. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 8(3), 45-62. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291715001907  
DeMartini, J., Patel, G., Fancher, T. L. (2019). Generalized anxiety disorder. Ann Intern Med. 170(7), 49-64. https://doi.org/10.7326/AITC201904020
Dahshiri, Gh., Golzari, M., Borjali, A., & Sohrabi, F. (2019). Psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Penn State Worry Questionnaire in students. Clinical Psychology Journal, 1(4), 56-72. (In Persian.  https://doi.org/10.22075/jcp.2017.1988
Esmaeili, L., amiri, S., Reza Abedi, M. and Molavi, H. (2018). The Effect of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Focused on Self -Compassion on Social Anxiety of Adolescent Girls. Clinical Psychology Studies, 9(30), 117-137. https://doi.org/10.22054/jcps.2018.8605
Germer, C., & Barnhofer, T. (2017). Mindfulness and compassion: Similarities and differences. In P. Gilbert (Ed.), Compassion: Concepts, research and applications (pp. 69-86). Routledge. https://doi.org/eBook ISBN 9781315564296
Gautam, A., Polizzi, C. P., & Mattson, R. E. (2023). Mindfulness, procrastination, and anxiety: Assessing their interrelationships. Psychology of Consciousness: Theory, Research, and Practice, 10(4), 441. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/cns0000209
Gharraee, B., Tajrishi, K. Z., Farani, A. R., Bolhari, J., & Farahani, H. (2018). A randomized controlled trial of compassion focused therapy for social anxiety disorder. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 12(4), e80945. [In Persian] ‏ https://doi.org/10.5812/ijpbs.80945.
Gilbert, P. (2019). Introducing compassion-focused therapy. Adv Psychiatr Treat. 15(3), 199-208. https://doi.org/10.1192/apt.bp.107.005264  
Goodwin, H., Yiend, J., & Hirsch, C. R. (2017). Generalized anxiety disorder, worry and attention to threat: A systematic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 54, 107-122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2017.03.006   
Hajiazizi, A., & Ho, R. (2017). The relationship between self-compassion and academic procrastination being mediated by shame and anxiety. The International Journal of Indian Psychology, 4(3), 103-115.  https:// assumptionjournal.au.edu/index.php/Scholar/article/view/2783
Leonard, K., & Abramovitch, A. (2019). Cognitive functions in young adults with generalized anxiety disorder. European Psychiatry, 56(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2018.10.008
Penney, E. S., & Norton, A. R. (2022). A novel application of the schema therapy mode model for social anxiety disorder: A naturalistic case study. Clinical Case Studies, 21(1), 34-47. https://doi.org/10.1177/15346501211036706
Porter, R. J., Bourke, C., Carter, J. D., Douglas, K. M., McIntosh, V. V. W., Jordan, J., ... & Frampton, C. M. A. (2016). No change in neuropsychological dysfunction or emotional processing during treatment of major depression with cognitive–behaviour therapy or schema therapy. Psychological medicine, 46(2), 393-404.‏ https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291715001907   
Panahipour, Sana, ARABZADEH, MEHDI, & CHERAGHI, FERESHTEH. (2020). Psychometric properties of active procrastination scale among students at Kharazmi University in Karaj. KNOWLEDGE & RESEARCH IN APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY, 20(4 (78)), 89-100. https://doi.org/10.30486/jsrp.2019.560134.1153
Rafaeli, E. (2020). Schema therapy. In V. Zeigler-Hill & T. K. Shackelford (Eds.), Encyclopedia of personality and individual differences (pp. 4559-4564). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24612-3_2041
Roediger, E., Stevens, B. A., & Brockman, R. (2018). Contextual schema therapy: An integrative approach to personality disorders, emotional dysregulation, and interpersonal functioning. New Harbinger Publications.
Schwarzer, R., Diehl, M., & Schmitz, G. S. (2010). [The Procrastination Scale for Students]. Diagnostica, 46(1), 20-28. https://doi.org/10.1026//0012-1924.46.1.20
Stroop, J. R. (1935). Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 18(6), 643-662. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0054651
Tan, C. X., Ang, R. P., Klassen, R. M., Yeo, L. S., Wong, I. Y., Huan, V. S., & Chong, W. H. (2018). Correlates of academic procrastination and students' grade goals. Current Psychology, 27(2), 135-144. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-008-9028-8
Tirch, D. (2022). Compassion focused therapy for the treatment of anxiety. In Compassion Focused Therapy (pp. 479-493). Routledge.‏
Tuckman, B. W. (1991). The development and concurrent validity of the Procrastination Scale. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 51(2), 473-480. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164491512022
Torkmani, M., Tavakoli, M., & Esmaeili, M. (2023). Designing a schema therapy package based on modes and comparing its effectiveness with transcranial direct current stimulation therapy focusing on inhibitory response, memory and attention bias on perfectionism, emotional eating behaviors and weight loss in individuals with binge eating disorder [Specialized PhD dissertation]. University of Isfahan. [In Persian]
Tahmoursi, N., & Tari Moradi, A. (2020). Predicting self-compassion based on early maladaptive schemas, cultural intelligence, and identity styles in students. Scientific Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Studies, 20(1), 88-99. [In Persian]  https://doi.org/10.1234/jrhss.2020.567
Young, J. E., Klosko, J. S., & Weishaar, M. E. (2013). Schema therapy: A practitioner's guide. Guilford Press.

فایل ها

سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 03 آبان 1404
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 02 بهمن 1404
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 20 بهمن 1404

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار