The Effect of Individual and Group Counseling Based on Reversal Theory in Decreasing Athletes Stress

The purposed of this study was to determine the extent of individual and group counseling effectiveness based on Reversal theory in decreasing athletes stress. 36 males and females from national athletes teams in various athletic fields were randomly chosen then dssigned into of two experimental and one control group. The variables include individual and group counseling based on the reversal theory as independent variable and the extent of stress as dependent one. One group was exposed to individual counseling and the other got group counseling. Using the concepts, procedures and techniques that are emphasized by reversal theory, the two groups were examined. The control group did not get any counseling.
The standard stress questionnaire of Lionel Coudyron was implemented both before and after the experiment to determine the extent of stress of the subjects. The data were collected and analyzed by two-way analysis of variance. Results showed that there was a positive and significant effect of reversal theory both with individual and group counseling in decreasing national teams athletes' stress (P<0/01) but there was not significant difference in decreasing stress between individual and group counseling using reversal theory. In general, one can infer that in order to decrease the national teams athletes stress the individual and group counseling can be used. The reversal theory can also be used as one of the effective theories in individual and group counseling.