The effectiveness of group schema therapy in academic perfectionism and its components in female students

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 PhD Candidate, Educational Psychology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

2 Ph.D., Associate Professor, Department of Clinical Psychology, Kharazmi University, Iran Email: spyou@icloud.com (Corresponding Author)

3 Ph.D., Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Payame Nour University, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

School is one of the most important places where the level of evaluation and perfectionism of pupil is high and is associated with fear of failure, motivational problems, anxiety and low self-esteem. Perfectionism is one of 18 maladaptive schema proposed by Young, but little research has been done on the effect of schema therapy on academic perfectionism. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of group schema therapy on reducing academic perfectionism and its components including academic performance, academic anxiety, academic achievement, academic failure and expectations of others in students. This study was a quasi-experimental study of pre-test, post-test and follow-up with a control group. The statistical population included all 10th grade female high school students in Tehran in the academic year of 1397-98. From these individuals, 300 people were randomly selected by cluster sampling method and 30 of them were selected based on inclusion criteria and were randomly divided into two groups of 15 experimental and control. The experimental group received group schema therapy during sixteen one-hour sessions. The research instrument was Rasooli Khorshidi and Bahrami (2016) Academic Perfectionism Questionnaire. SPSS 20 software and analysis of covariance were used to examine the relationship between quantitative variables. In the post-test, there was a significant interaction between the experimental and control groups in terms of academic performance, academic anxiety, academic achievement, academic failure and expectations of others (p <0.05). As a result, group schema therapy can be used to reduce students' academic perfectionism and its components.

Keywords

References

امانی, ملاحت, کیانی, عارفه. (1396). بررسی رابطه کمال‌گرایی و عملکرد تحصیلی: نقش میانجی خودنظم بخشی و خودکارآمدی تحصیلی. فصل‌نامه پژوهش‌های کاربردی روانشناختی، 8، 17، 51-68. doi: 10.22059/japr.2017.63707
حسینی، خدیجه سادات و حیدری، علیرضا و نادری، فرح،1393،بررسی رابطه کمال‌گرایی و خوش بینی با عملکرد تحصیلی،اولین کنفرانس ملی توسعه پایدار در علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، مطالعات اجتماعی و فرهنگی،تهران https://civilica.com/doc/320842
رسولی خورشیدی، ف. بهرامی،م. 1395. ساخت و هنجاریابی پرسشنامه کمال­گرایی تحصیلی در دانشجویان ایرانی. فصلنامه تخصصی روانسنجی، 5، 17، 54-45.
فارل، جان. شاو، ایدا.(1396). راهنمای طرحواره درمانی گروهی برای اختلال شخصیت مرزی.ترجمه لیلا پور سمر، چاپ اول، تهران: ارجمند  
منتظری، محمد صادق. موسی زاده، حسن. طاهر نشاط دوست، حمید. عابدی، محمدرضا و  عابدی، احمد. (1395). اثربخشی طرحواره درمانی بر بهبود کمال‌گرایی و طرحواره های ناسازگاراولیه در یک مورد مبتلا به شخصیت وسواسی جبری: پژوهش مورد منفرد. نشریه روانشناسی بالینی، 12، 53-70.
کورش­نیا، مریم. لطیفیان، مرتضی.(1390). رابطه پنج عامل بزرگ شخصیت و کمال­گرایی، مطالعات روانشناختی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی وروانشناسی دانشگاه الزهرا،7 ،4 ، 54-27.
نصرت آبادی، مطهره. الهه یاری، آذر. ناصری، الهه.1395.بررسی اثربخشی طرحواره­درمانی بر کمال­گرایی شدید و مادی­گرایی زوجین دانشجو. ششمین کنفرانس بین­المللی روانشناسی و علوم اجتماعی، تهران، همایشگران مهر اشراق.
Amirpour, Borzoo.(2014). Predictive Role of Early Maladaptive Schemas in Neurotic Perfectionism in Middle-School Female Students From Kangavar. Int J School Health, 1,1,  e19854
Burnam, A., Komarraju, M., Hamel, R., & Nadler, D. R. (2014). Do adaptive perfectionism and self-determined motivation reduce academic procrastination?. Learning and Individual Differences, 36, 165-172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2014.10.009
Christman, E. (2012). Understanding maladaptive perfectionism in college students. Nurse Educator, 37, 5, 202-205. doi: 10.1097/NNE.0b013e318262aba3
Curran, T. Hill, A.P. (2019). Perfectionism is increasing over time: A meta-analysis of birth cohort differences from 1989 to 2 2016. Psychological Bulletin. 145, 4, 410-429.
Curran, T. Hill, A.P. (2018). Perfectionism Is Increasing, and That’s Not Good News. https://hbr.org/topic/stress/Perfectionism Is Increasing, and That’s Not Good News
Egan, S. J., Piek, J. P., Dyck, M. J., & Rees C. S, (2007). The role of dichotomous thinking and rigidity in perfectionism. Behavior Research and Therapy, 45(8), .1813-22.
Farrell, j., shaw, i. ,& webber, m. (2009). A schema-focused approach to group psychotherapy for outpatients with borderline personality disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry, 40,  2, 317-328.
Fedewa, A. B., Burns, R. L., & Gomez, A. A. (2005). Positive and negative perfectionism and the shame/guilt distinction: adaptive and maladaptive characteristics, Personality and Individual Differences, 38, 7, 1609–1619. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2004.09.026
Frost, R. O. Marten, P. Lahart, C. Rosenblate, R.(1990). The Dimensions of Perfectionism. Journal of Cognitive Therapy and Research.14:499-462. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01172967
Gross, J. J., & Jazaieri, H. (2014). Emotion, emotion regulation, and psychopathology: An affective science perspective. Clinical Psychological Science, 2, 387–401.
Hewitt, P. L., Flett, G. L., & Mikail, S. F. (2017). Perfectionism: A relational approach to conceptualization, assessment, and treatment. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
Iranzo-Tatay, C. Gimeno-Clemente, N. Barberá-Fons, M. Rodriguez-Campayo, A.  Rojo-Bofill, L. Livianos-Aldana, L. Beato-Fernandez, L. Vaz-Leal, F. & Rojo-Moreno, L. (2015). Genetic and environmental contributions to perfectionism and its common factors. Psychiatry Research. 230, 3, 932-939
Malivoire, B.L. Kuo, J.R & Martin M. Antony, M.M.(2019). An Examination of Emotion Dysregulation in Maladaptive Perfectionism. journal of Clinical Psychology Review. 71, 39-50
Pirbaglou, M. Cribbie, R. Irvine, j. Radhu, N. vora, k. & Paul, r.  (2013).Perfectionism, Anxiety, and Depressive Distress: Evidence for the Mediating Role of Negative Automatic Thoughts and Anxiety Sensitivity .J of American college healt, 618, 477-483.
Prestele, E. Altstötter-Gleich, C. (2017).  Perfectionistic Cognitions: Stability, Variability, and Changes Over Time. Journal of Personality Assessment ,101, 5 , 521-533
Rice KG, Slaney RB.(2002). Cluster of perfectionism:Tow studies of emotional adjustment and academic Achievement. Measur Eval Counsel Dev, 35, 1 35-48.
 Shafran, R. Cooper,Z & Fairburn,C.G, (2002). Clinical perfectionism :cognitive - behavior analysis, Behavior\research and therapy, 40, 773 - 791.
Sohrabi F, Borjali A, Momeni M. (2020). the effectiveness of cognitive techniques of schema therapy in reducing perfectionism. frooyesh. 9, 4, 75-82.
Stoeber J.(2011).The dual nature of perfectionism in sports: Relationships with emotion, motivation, and performance. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology;4(2):128-45. https://doi.org/10.1080/1750984X.2011.604789
Stoeber,J & Rambow, A.(2007). Perfectionism in adolescent schoolstudents : relations with motivation, achievement and well-being .Personality and Individual Differences. 42, 1379- 1389. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2006.10.015
Ulu, İ. P., Tezer, E., & Slaney, R. B. (2012). Investigation of adaptive and maladaptive perfectionism with Turkish Almost Perfect Scale—Revised. Psychological reports, 110(3), 1007-1020. https://doi.org/10.2466%2F09.02.20.PR0.110.3.1007-1020
Young JE, Klosko JS, Weishaar ME.(2003).Schema therapy: A practitioner's guide.Guilford Press.

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 06 February 2021
  • Revise Date: 04 May 2021
  • Accept Date: 09 May 2021

Share

How to cite

Statistics