University of TabrizJournal of Modern Psychological Researches2322-334072620120722Effect of Exercise in the Bilateral Transfer Learning of Power from Dominant Hand to Non-dominant Hand and Vice VersaEffect of Exercise in the Bilateral Transfer Learning of Power from Dominant Hand to Non-dominant Hand and Vice Versa1154110FAYaghubBadriazarinJournal Article20151214One important aspect of transfer of learning is bilateral transfer an effective way to speed up the process of success. In the bilateral transfer, training on a limb will be lead to learning and effectiveness on the other limbs. In this research bilateral transfer learning in hands was studied. Samples were 43 male students from University of Tabriz. They were divided into three groups, practice groups with the right hand, left hand and control. Of all samples was taken pre test and post test after training.
The results showed with training provided, bilateral transfer of power occurred from the dominant hand to the non-dominant hand and vice versa. Transfer rates are more in the non- dominant hand to the dominant hand.Cause of bilateral transfer can be of fixative muscle in the non-trained limbs and dominate the preventive mechanisms of muscle contraction as a result the exercises in the non-trained limb and also despite the common elements in the brain and relation between the cerebral hemispheres that possibility creates to send nerve signals to the non-training limb. As a result, makes the mild contractions, and strengthen it. More research must be done to prove it.One important aspect of transfer of learning is bilateral transfer an effective way to speed up the process of success. In the bilateral transfer, training on a limb will be lead to learning and effectiveness on the other limbs. In this research bilateral transfer learning in hands was studied. Samples were 43 male students from University of Tabriz. They were divided into three groups, practice groups with the right hand, left hand and control. Of all samples was taken pre test and post test after training.
The results showed with training provided, bilateral transfer of power occurred from the dominant hand to the non-dominant hand and vice versa. Transfer rates are more in the non- dominant hand to the dominant hand.Cause of bilateral transfer can be of fixative muscle in the non-trained limbs and dominate the preventive mechanisms of muscle contraction as a result the exercises in the non-trained limb and also despite the common elements in the brain and relation between the cerebral hemispheres that possibility creates to send nerve signals to the non-training limb. As a result, makes the mild contractions, and strengthen it. More research must be done to prove it.https://psychologyj.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_4110_7014cf4a716646ac4209d0191c63837c.pdfUniversity of TabrizJournal of Modern Psychological Researches2322-334072620120722Dimensional Association between Schizotypy and Empathy: Structural Link of Positive and Negative Schizotypy with Cognitive and Affective EmpathyDimensional Association between Schizotypy and Empathy: Structural Link of Positive and Negative Schizotypy with Cognitive and Affective Empathy39644111FAZeinabKhanjaniFatemehHodavandkhaniTourajHashemiMajidMahmoodalilooAbbasBakhshipourJournal Article20151214The objective of this research was to study correlation between schizotypy, empathy, and their dimensions. One hundred and seventhy four normal students ranging from 16 to 19 years (females: M=17.09, SD=0.76, males: M=17.40, SD=0.61) were selected by cluster random sampling from Rey city. The students completed Empathy Quotient (EQ; Baron-Cohen & Wheelwright, 2004) and Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ; Raine, 1991). The data was analyzed by pearson correlation coefficient, multiple linear regression, and structural equation modeling (SEM). There was no significant relationship between total schizotypy and empathy scores. With regard to schizotypy and empathy are dimensional structures and each of their dimensions have discrete structures, the relationship between their dimensions were investigated. Analysis showed that both positive and negative schizotypy could predict cognitive empathy, but positive schizotypy had more important role (β= 0.347). In addition, both positive and negative schizotypy could <br /> <br />predict affective empathy, but negative schizotypy had more important role (β=-0.218). Then, the structural relation of these explored associations was investigated by SEM. This analysis revealed that positive schizotypy had significant structural link with cognitive empathy (R=0.38), and negative schizotypy had significant structural link with affective empathy (R=-0.30). In conclusion, these data suggest that positive schizotypes had elevated cognitive empathy, and negative schizotypes had elevated affective empathy. The objective of this research was to study correlation between schizotypy, empathy, and their dimensions. One hundred and seventhy four normal students ranging from 16 to 19 years (females: M=17.09, SD=0.76, males: M=17.40, SD=0.61) were selected by cluster random sampling from Rey city. The students completed Empathy Quotient (EQ; Baron-Cohen & Wheelwright, 2004) and Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ; Raine, 1991). The data was analyzed by pearson correlation coefficient, multiple linear regression, and structural equation modeling (SEM). There was no significant relationship between total schizotypy and empathy scores. With regard to schizotypy and empathy are dimensional structures and each of their dimensions have discrete structures, the relationship between their dimensions were investigated. Analysis showed that both positive and negative schizotypy could predict cognitive empathy, but positive schizotypy had more important role (β= 0.347). In addition, both positive and negative schizotypy could <br /> <br />predict affective empathy, but negative schizotypy had more important role (β=-0.218). Then, the structural relation of these explored associations was investigated by SEM. This analysis revealed that positive schizotypy had significant structural link with cognitive empathy (R=0.38), and negative schizotypy had significant structural link with affective empathy (R=-0.30). In conclusion, these data suggest that positive schizotypes had elevated cognitive empathy, and negative schizotypes had elevated affective empathy. https://psychologyj.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_4111_d37936b799b16e173c607e90fc6b6a48.pdfUniversity of TabrizJournal of Modern Psychological Researches2322-334072620120722Efficacy of Attention Rehabilitation in Decreasing Selective Attention and Sustained Attention Deficits in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) PatientsEfficacy of Attention Rehabilitation in Decreasing Selective Attention and Sustained Attention Deficits in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Patients39644112FALeiliKhaliliBehrozDolatshahiMehdiFarhoudiAbbasPurshahbazZahraNiknamJournal Article20151214Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressive disease of the CNS that is characterized by widespread lesions in the brain and spinal cord. Cognitive impairment is a common concomitant of MS. MS often affects attentional complex tasks Such as, Selective and Sustained Attention. Few study investigated on efficacy of attention rehabilitation for decrease of attention deficits in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients. Present study investigated the efficacy attention rehabilitation for decrease of Selective attention and Sustained attention deficits in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients. <br /> <br />Method: The study was conducted in single - Subject designs with A/B model and follow- up. Six Secondary Progressive MS (SPMS) selected with adjective sample. Attention various include, selective and sustained attention that evalued at various stages baseline, inventory and follow-up using Continues Performance <br /> <br />Test (CPT) and Stroop Test. Attention rehabilitation program was don with flash cart and pen–paper that composed of structured tasks. Participants received attention rehabilitation sessions three a week over 21 sessions. Total time training was about 45 minutes. The required data were analyzed via visual analysis, decrease mean percentage and d’ Cohen effect size. <br />Results: All case showed, improvement in selective attention and sustained attention. Decrease mean percentages and effect sizes were high for all measures. <br />Conclusion: These findings suggest that, attention rehabilitation decrease selective attention and sustained attention deficits in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patientsMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressive disease of the CNS that is characterized by widespread lesions in the brain and spinal cord. Cognitive impairment is a common concomitant of MS. MS often affects attentional complex tasks Such as, Selective and Sustained Attention. Few study investigated on efficacy of attention rehabilitation for decrease of attention deficits in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients. Present study investigated the efficacy attention rehabilitation for decrease of Selective attention and Sustained attention deficits in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients. <br /> <br />Method: The study was conducted in single - Subject designs with A/B model and follow- up. Six Secondary Progressive MS (SPMS) selected with adjective sample. Attention various include, selective and sustained attention that evalued at various stages baseline, inventory and follow-up using Continues Performance <br /> <br />Test (CPT) and Stroop Test. Attention rehabilitation program was don with flash cart and pen–paper that composed of structured tasks. Participants received attention rehabilitation sessions three a week over 21 sessions. Total time training was about 45 minutes. The required data were analyzed via visual analysis, decrease mean percentage and d’ Cohen effect size. <br />Results: All case showed, improvement in selective attention and sustained attention. Decrease mean percentages and effect sizes were high for all measures. <br />Conclusion: These findings suggest that, attention rehabilitation decrease selective attention and sustained attention deficits in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patientshttps://psychologyj.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_4112_29f499c46257b2bdbffc260d962342e0.pdfUniversity of TabrizJournal of Modern Psychological Researches2322-334072620120722The Relationship of Religiosity Orientations and Personality Traits with Death ObsessionThe Relationship of Religiosity Orientations and Personality Traits with Death Obsession65884113FAHamzehSalmanpourMehdiAbbasiAliIsazadeghanAbolfazlGhasemzadehJournal Article20151215The aim of the current study was to investigate the relationship and predictability of death obsession through religiosity orientations and personality traits. Samples included 484 (246 girls, 238boys) were chosen through stratified random sampling. Instruments were death obsession scale (DOS), NEO personality inventory (Neo- FFI), and All port’s religious orientation scale. Data were analyzed using correlation and stepwise regression analyses and t-test.
Results showed that the relationship between death obsessions with externsic orientation toward religion is positive whereas death obsession had a negative rellation with intrinsic orientation toward religion. Also findings showed there was significant positive relationship between neuroticism and death obsession (r=0/42, p<0/01). Other dimensions of personality had negative relationship with death obsession. The greater negative relationship was between intrinsic orientation toward religion and conscientiousness dimension (r =- 0/34, p<0/01), of all research variables, externsic orientation toward religion and neuroticism were able to predict 19 present of variance of death obsession. In study of difference between females and males in death obsession, results showed significant difference between two groups (t=5/38, df=484, p<0/001), so that it was more among famales.The aim of the current study was to investigate the relationship and predictability of death obsession through religiosity orientations and personality traits. Samples included 484 (246 girls, 238boys) were chosen through stratified random sampling. Instruments were death obsession scale (DOS), NEO personality inventory (Neo- FFI), and All port’s religious orientation scale. Data were analyzed using correlation and stepwise regression analyses and t-test.
Results showed that the relationship between death obsessions with externsic orientation toward religion is positive whereas death obsession had a negative rellation with intrinsic orientation toward religion. Also findings showed there was significant positive relationship between neuroticism and death obsession (r=0/42, p<0/01). Other dimensions of personality had negative relationship with death obsession. The greater negative relationship was between intrinsic orientation toward religion and conscientiousness dimension (r =- 0/34, p<0/01), of all research variables, externsic orientation toward religion and neuroticism were able to predict 19 present of variance of death obsession. In study of difference between females and males in death obsession, results showed significant difference between two groups (t=5/38, df=484, p<0/001), so that it was more among famales.https://psychologyj.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_4113_3ab83206d291025cddde37d084873561.pdfUniversity of TabrizJournal of Modern Psychological Researches2322-334072620120722Evaluation of Effective Maternal Characteristics in Behavioral Problems of 2-6 Years Old ChildrenEvaluation of Effective Maternal Characteristics in Behavioral Problems of 2-6 Years Old Children891044114FAKarinehTahmasianAsiehAnariMahbobehFathabadiJournal Article20151215The present study investigated the relationship between maternal factors and behavioral problems in children 2 to 6 years old. The study is descriptive- post hoc. 350 mothers were selected from 15 kindergartens of 3 areas of Tehran by multistage sampling method. They completed Rosenberg’s Self-esteem Scale, Parenting Stress Index, Sources of Social Support Scale, Maternal efficacy Questionnaire and Preschool Behavior Checklist. Stepwise regression analysis showed that parenting stress and maternal self-efficacy, in two steps, could explain 20% of variance of behavioral problems in children (P≤0/05). Among mentioned effective maternal characteristics, parenting stress and maternal self-efficacy showed most relationship with behavioral problems in children (P≤0/05). Therefore, educational programs relevant to the mentioned factors can predict and reduce behavioral problems in children.The present study investigated the relationship between maternal factors and behavioral problems in children 2 to 6 years old. The study is descriptive- post hoc. 350 mothers were selected from 15 kindergartens of 3 areas of Tehran by multistage sampling method. They completed Rosenberg’s Self-esteem Scale, Parenting Stress Index, Sources of Social Support Scale, Maternal efficacy Questionnaire and Preschool Behavior Checklist. Stepwise regression analysis showed that parenting stress and maternal self-efficacy, in two steps, could explain 20% of variance of behavioral problems in children (P≤0/05). Among mentioned effective maternal characteristics, parenting stress and maternal self-efficacy showed most relationship with behavioral problems in children (P≤0/05). Therefore, educational programs relevant to the mentioned factors can predict and reduce behavioral problems in children.https://psychologyj.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_4114_1c3c861434f2efc4a9482d6f58b022d2.pdfUniversity of TabrizJournal of Modern Psychological Researches2322-334072620120722The Conformity between Handedness and Footedness among Iranian NationsThe Conformity between Handedness and Footedness among Iranian Nations1051264115FAAhmadAlipourMojghanAghahherissJournal Article20151215This research was provided to determine the conformity of laterality indices in 2316 participants (5265 females, and 3177 males) with mean age 23 years and 6 months Iranian among nations. Participants were selected by multistage randomized sampling method. They were asked to complete the items of Edinburgh handedness inventory (Oldfield, 1970), the revised version of Waterloo footedness questionnaire (Elias, Bryden, and Bulman- Fleming, 1988). Descriptive data analysis revealed that there were 78/6 %, 6 %, 15/4 % for right, both, and left handedness in-turn. These distributions were 66/8 %, 21/8 %, 11/4 % for right, both, and left footedness. Moreover, A strong correlation were found between handedness and footedness(r= 0/75, p< 0/05). The agreement between right-handedness and right-footedness was 94/9, for being ambidextrous was 16/5, and for left-handedness and left-footedness was 88/3. The Phi coefficient for this agreement was calculated 0/79(p< 0/05), that serve a good conformity between these laterality indices. One of the neuropsychological explanations is that one of the brain hemispheres is considered for the control of a behavior which its dominancy is represented by different preferences for using body structures such as hand or foot. Their motor and sensory functions rigorously are under the influence of that dominant hemisphere. In general, Lateralization has different distribution among Iranian nations and it is less in comparison to other countries.This research was provided to determine the conformity of laterality indices in 2316 participants (5265 females, and 3177 males) with mean age 23 years and 6 months Iranian among nations. Participants were selected by multistage randomized sampling method. They were asked to complete the items of Edinburgh handedness inventory (Oldfield, 1970), the revised version of Waterloo footedness questionnaire (Elias, Bryden, and Bulman- Fleming, 1988). Descriptive data analysis revealed that there were 78/6 %, 6 %, 15/4 % for right, both, and left handedness in-turn. These distributions were 66/8 %, 21/8 %, 11/4 % for right, both, and left footedness. Moreover, A strong correlation were found between handedness and footedness(r= 0/75, p< 0/05). The agreement between right-handedness and right-footedness was 94/9, for being ambidextrous was 16/5, and for left-handedness and left-footedness was 88/3. The Phi coefficient for this agreement was calculated 0/79(p< 0/05), that serve a good conformity between these laterality indices. One of the neuropsychological explanations is that one of the brain hemispheres is considered for the control of a behavior which its dominancy is represented by different preferences for using body structures such as hand or foot. Their motor and sensory functions rigorously are under the influence of that dominant hemisphere. In general, Lateralization has different distribution among Iranian nations and it is less in comparison to other countries.https://psychologyj.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_4115_ffc5ff5fc4d63e545585c05072ccf322.pdfUniversity of TabrizJournal of Modern Psychological Researches2322-334072620120722The Survey Comparison of the Ability of Social Problem-Solving and its Subscales among Addicted and Non-addicted PrisonersThe Survey Comparison of the Ability of Social Problem-Solving and its Subscales among Addicted and Non-addicted Prisoners1271414116FAGhoharNazariJournal Article20151215The aim of the present study was to compare the ability of Social Problem-Solving and its subscales among addicted and non-addicted prisoners. Population of study was 200 prisoners of Miyaneh. Using Morgan Table, 132 persons were chosen randomly, then 30 addicted and 30 non-addicted peoples were matched and social problem solving questionnaire was administered among them. <br />Data were analyzed using T-test the findings showed that social problem-solving was significantly lower among addicted prisoners than non-addicted ones.The aim of the present study was to compare the ability of Social Problem-Solving and its subscales among addicted and non-addicted prisoners. Population of study was 200 prisoners of Miyaneh. Using Morgan Table, 132 persons were chosen randomly, then 30 addicted and 30 non-addicted peoples were matched and social problem solving questionnaire was administered among them. <br />Data were analyzed using T-test the findings showed that social problem-solving was significantly lower among addicted prisoners than non-addicted ones.https://psychologyj.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_4116_0476b668f02628282e230b4ca9a3466a.pdf